7 Step Process For Staff Remuneration
In the effort to achieve total quality management in an industry, striving towards constant improvement is a must. A proper recognition and reward process of an organisation motivates the staff of an organisation to achieve its objectives.Many companies are presently addressing the issue of reward and recognition for their as part of quality and continuous improvement programmes, but there remains no general guidelines or descriptions of such programmes which are readily available. These companies have made several attempts to create a process of employee reward and recognition for quality activities as part of its process of continuous improvement. All such attempts have had little success, resulting in the various systems losing their prestige among employees.In Australia, a new process for employee reward and recognition was developed through a company’s quality committee. It consists of 7 steps which can be used generically for any firm wishing to implement a system for staff recognition and reward.The steps are:1) Categories for awards - The emphasis of the reward and recognition process is to stimulate employee involvement in the culture change towards continuous improvement and aims to recognise those individuals that provide an example of desirable behaviour towards the company goals. Successful nominees are expected to have not only performed their defined roles but also to have contributed additional dimensions beyond their def

How to use Forums to Generate Web Income
There are numerous forums on the internet and it is important to spend time searching for the more highly respected ones, which are well managed with good moderators who maintain the standard of the forum by strictly enforcing the rules.In these forums you will find members share a common goal to make money on the Internet. As you start participating regularly in the forum, you will find yourself learning faster and earning more...guaranteed. Top forums are the stomping ground for the best Internet marketers on the planet as well as the training ground for thousands of up and coming Internet marketers. They are a place to share ideas, find answers, make friends and develop partnerships. The top forums are an organic, always growing, support resource for your entire internet marketing business. The only way to benefit from these forums is to experience them yourself.Prior to actually joining a forum, spend sometime just browsing the forum and reading some posts to see that it actually suits your needs and that you feel comfortable in the environment. On joining a forum it is vital that you read the rules as you will find they do vary from forum to forum. Be sure to fill out your profile and most important be sure to complete the signature section, which will allow you to put your website details, which will lead to back links, as postings get indexed by the search engines.. The forum rules will dictate how many characters or lines or urls you c

Forex Review Center - Forex Day Trading, Around the Clock Trading
The currency market is the only true 24-hour market in the world. With the largest daily trading volume and three major trading centers, there is plenty of liquidity and news flow around the clock. Day traders rely on intraday volatility to produce quick and large market movements. Volatility equals big profits or big losses.Personal Characteristics Needed To Succeed in Forex Day TradingIn order to have a fighting chance of becoming a successful day trader, you should possess the following characteristics:• Patience• Discipline• Independent-minded• Realistic about losses Characteristics of Unsuccessful TradersIt has been estimated that 90 percent of the individuals who attempt to day trade the market will fail. Therefore, if you want to have any chance at success, put all of your effort into doing the right things.• Having insufficient capital in the account• Betting too much on each position• Not cutting losses quickly and not using stop-loss orders• Not understanding the importance of money management and risk• Having no predetermined trading strategy• Using money needed for living expenses and future commitments (college education, retirement) with which to trade• Operating in a fear-and-greed mode• Not getting an education prior to trading and not being a true student of the market• Treating trading as a lark or a hobbyor setting revenue targets for individual GDT employees, and standard targets for audit adjustments by the GDT has contributed to the perception of a disproportionate focus on large business taxpayers. Large taxpayers are an “easy target” for auditors who are trying to achieve their individual revenue targets through adjustments. Apart from the quality of audit case selection, conduct of audits and audit reporting, which is discussed in greater detail below, the sheer number of audits taking place is also creating a compliance burden for business. Business report on average 4 ‘tax inspections’ per year. There is no official limit on the number of audits or inspections that may be conducted in a given period, and it is not uncommon for auditors to be present on a company’s premises for many months at a time.

Albania operates under a civil legal system which does not rely on precedent for applying past decisions. In many civil jurisdictions, for the purposes of interpreting statutes, Ministerial directives and similar documents that reveal the intention of the legislature and the meaning of specific provisions are often issued and are considered to be more a primary source of law (and therefore more influential than in Common Law jurisdictions).

In relation to the work of the GDT generally, changes in policy, and amendments to the law, there is no regular forum for consultation or discussion between the GDT and taxpayers and their representatives. This can lead to frustration for all affected parties, since taxpayers feel they are not properly consulted or considered in the development of new laws that will directly affect them and the drafters may find that their laws become subject to policy review after the drafting process has been completed .

As the tax system matures and legislation inevitably increases in volume and complexity, it is just the time to fulfill the need for a comprehensively redrafted code. This process is undertaking by the government, carefully managed and has the broad support of the business community to avoid the imposition of ad hoc “policy” during the drafting process. In this regard, but also as a general proposition, business and taxpayer consultation needs to be better managed.

The profits tax (applicable to businesses with a turnover of over 8 million lek) is levied prospectively on a monthly basis. For this purpose, a new business will be required to estimate its profit for the following 12 months. Businesses have complained that it has not been acceptable in practice to quote ‘nil’ for the first year profit, even though it is not unusual for a business to make a loss in its first year of trading. According to the GDT, a nil profits estimate should be acceptable if it is supportable by the taxpayer. This suggests another example of inconsistency between the law and the implementation. Businesses also report difficulty in having their estimated profits varied on the basis of their un-audited accounts. If it is the case that profits are to differ from the estimated profits for the current year, it is necessary to go through the formal, costly and time consuming appeals process in order to have the estimated profits varied for the purpose of determining the amount of installments payable each month.

In relation to tax appeals, the law requires that within the court system, an appeal be heard by the Tax Appeals Tribunal at first instance. The decision of the Tribunal may then be reviewed by the Appeals Court. The main complaint from the business community in relation to the appeals process is the current requirement that 100% of the disputed tax must be paid before the appeal will be heard. The Constitutional Court has ruled that this requirement is unconstitutional and we understand that this is giving rise to the willingness of the lower courts to hear tax appeals without requiring adherence to the statutory escalation process described above. Most business taxpayers utilize the services of professional advisers, and that many tax disputes are settled outside the formal appeals process. The costs for taxpayers utilizing professional representatives as a matter of course in all dealings with the tax and court authorities are relatively high compared to other countries in the region.

The administration of VAT refunds (which is principally an issue for exporters) is universally acknowledged to be a problem. Although the law provides for a 30 day statutory limit on the provision of VAT refunds, with the payment of interest for delays over that time, the consensus amongst both taxpayers and the tax structure officials the refunds are simply not being processed at all. The problem is fully acknowledged by the tax administration. According to the GDT, the problem arises mainly because there is no allocation from the budget for the purpose of VAT refunds, whereas the VAT withheld is paid immediately into consolidated revenue. The registration process for new businesses in particular is complex. The relatively low level of registrations in the small business sector (currently approximately 49.000) is of concern in the context of the relatively narrow tax base and the disproportionate burden that this places on ‘legitimate’ business, as discussed earlier.

What to do then?

Anywhere in the world, a well-functioning tax system is judged by its: - efficiency (in revenue collection);

- equity (both in the burden of taxation amongst the taxpayer base and in the fair administration of the taxation system);

- transparency (taxpayers are entitled to know what the burden of tax will be for a period); and - predictability

In contrary, the present tax system in Albania fails to meet some of these criteria’s. The system relies on a very narrow revenue base, primarily drawn from VAT tax payers. The system is geared more to meeting monthly and trimester revenue targets than to supporting the broadening of the tax base by encouraging business activities. The rates and methods of tax collections, particularly the pre-payment of profits tax imposed on the start-ups do not encourage new business entries and may, in reality, encourage the expansion of “informal” businesses. The current system also seriously lacks transparency and predictability. Large discretion and arbitration allowed at the operational levels further invite abuse and corruption.

It’s an important and big issue the VAT refunds. It should be reviewed as a matter of urgency, in view of the necessity of encouraging exporting activities, a goal that Albania gives priority in the upcoming decade. The Albanian tax administration should take immediate measures to ensure the availability of the funds to facilitate the VAT refunds. The tax structures, in the meantime, should establish an effective system for examining the refund claims and having them processed in a timely manner for all VAT taxpayers.

In Albania, the rate of prepayment is more frequent and the method for variation of installments of profits tax is also very cumbersome. In particular, as a general approach, it should not be necessary to go through an appeals process in order to vary the amount of tax installments. An acceptable basis for varying installments should be agreed in consultation between business and professional representatives and the GDT (for example, it is not clear why accounts prepared by suitably qualified persons should not be acceptable to the tax administration at first instance, given the existing penalties for the provision of misleading information).

In general, bank accounts should only be frozen after initial collection procedures (letter and formal demand) have been exhausted and the debt has been overdue for more than 30 days. The current system of enforcement, particularly the application of the power to freeze bank accounts, is not working towards its goals. The inconsistent and heavy handed application of enforcement powers, compounded by the delegation of the power to local directors can discourage companies from using the banking system, while providing an opportunity for abuse of power and corruption. At a minimum, the increased focus on taxpayer education by the tax structures should include publicizing the circumstances in which enforcement powers will be exercised according to the law and the form that this will take. In this context, the appeal and review provisions should also be publicized so that taxpayers are aware of their rights and to encourage officers of the tax administration to exercise their powers appropriately. There should be a streamlined administrative process for the review of enforcement proceedings since the usual 30 day period under the current appeals process is not appropriate for a taxpayer who may not be able to trade during the period (due to frozen accounts or seizure of goods).

The tax administration should speed up the establishment of regular consultative forums betw

managed.

The profits tax (applicable to businesses with a turnover of over 8 million lek) is levied prospectively on a monthly basis. For this purpose, a new business will be required to estimate its profit for the following 12 months. Businesses have complained that it has not been acceptable in practice to quote ‘nil’ for the first year profit, even though it is not unusual for a business to make a loss in its first year of trading. According to the GDT, a nil profits estimate should be acceptable if it is supportable by the taxpayer. This suggests another example of inconsistency between the law and the implementation. Businesses also report difficulty in having their estimated profits varied on the basis of their un-audited accounts. If it is the case that profits are to differ from the estimated profits for the current year, it is necessary to go through the formal, costly and time consuming appeals process in order to have the estimated profits varied for the purpose of determining the amount of installments payable each month.

In relation to tax appeals, the law requires that within the court system, an appeal be heard by the Tax Appeals Tribunal at first instance. The decision of the Tribunal may then be reviewed by the Appeals Court. The main complaint from the business community in relation to the appeals process is the current requirement that 100% of the disputed tax must be paid before the appeal will be heard. The Constitutional Court has ruled that this requirement is unconstitutional and we understand that this is giving rise to the willingness of the lower courts to hear tax appeals without requiring adherence to the statutory escalation process described above. Most business taxpayers utilize the services of professional advisers, and that many tax disputes are settled outside the formal appeals process. The costs for taxpayers utilizing professional representatives as a matter of course in all dealings with the tax and court authorities are relatively high compared to other countries in the region.

The administration of VAT refunds (which is principally an issue for exporters) is universally acknowledged to be a problem. Although the law provides for a 30 day statutory limit on the provision of VAT refunds, with the payment of interest for delays over that time, the consensus amongst both taxpayers and the tax structure officials the refunds are simply not being processed at all. The problem is fully acknowledged by the tax administration. According to the GDT, the problem arises mainly because there is no allocation from the budget for the purpose of VAT refunds, whereas the VAT withheld is paid immediately into consolidated revenue. The registration process for new businesses in particular is complex. The relatively low level of registrations in the small business sector (currently approximately 49.000) is of concern in the context of the relatively narrow tax base and the disproportionate burden that this places on ‘legitimate’ business, as discussed earlier.

What to do then?

Anywhere in the world, a well-functioning tax system is judged by its: - efficiency (in revenue collection);

- equity (both in the burden of taxation amongst the taxpayer base and in the fair administration of the taxation system);

- transparency (taxpayers are entitled to know what the burden of tax will be for a period); and - predictability

In contrary, the present tax system in Albania fails to meet some of these criteria’s. The system relies on a very narrow revenue base, primarily drawn from VAT tax payers. The system is geared more to meeting monthly and trimester revenue targets than to supporting the broadening of the tax base by encouraging business activities. The rates and methods of tax collections, particularly the pre-payment of profits tax imposed on the start-ups do not encourage new business entries and may, in reality, encourage the expansion of “informal” businesses. The current system also seriously lacks transparency and predictability. Large discretion and arbitration allowed at the operational levels further invite abuse and corruption.

It’s an important and big issue the VAT refunds. It should be reviewed as a matter of urgency, in view of the necessity of encouraging exporting activities, a goal that Albania gives priority in the upcoming decade. The Albanian tax administration should take immediate measures to ensure the availability of the funds to facilitate the VAT refunds. The tax structures, in the meantime, should establish an effective system for examining the refund claims and having them processed in a timely manner for all VAT taxpayers.

In Albania, the rate of prepayment is more frequent and the method for variation of installments of profits tax is also very cumbersome. In particular, as a general approach, it should not be necessary to go through an appeals process in order to vary the amount of tax installments. An acceptable basis for varying installments should be agreed in consultation between business and professional representatives and the GDT (for example, it is not clear why accounts prepared by suitably qualified persons should not be acceptable to the tax administration at first instance, given the existing penalties for the provision of misleading information).

In general, bank accounts should only be frozen after initial collection procedures (letter and formal demand) have been exhausted and the debt has been overdue for more than 30 days. The current system of enforcement, particularly the application of the power to freeze bank accounts, is not working towards its goals. The inconsistent and heavy handed application of enforcement powers, compounded by the delegation of the power to local directors can discourage companies from using the banking system, while providing an opportunity for abuse of power and corruption. At a minimum, the increased focus on taxpayer education by the tax structures should include publicizing the circumstances in which enforcement powers will be exercised according to the law and the form that this will take. In this context, the appeal and review provisions should also be publicized so that taxpayers are aware of their rights and to encourage officers of the tax administration to exercise their powers appropriately. There should be a streamlined administrative process for the review of enforcement proceedings since the usual 30 day period under the current appeals process is not appropriate for a taxpayer who may not be able to trade during the period (due to frozen accounts or seizure of goods).

The tax administration should speed up the establishment of regular consultative forums betw

on the provision of VAT refunds, with the payment of interest for delays over that time, the consensus amongst both taxpayers and the tax structure officials the refunds are simply not being processed at all. The problem is fully acknowledged by the tax administration. According to the GDT, the problem arises mainly because there is no allocation from the budget for the purpose of VAT refunds, whereas the VAT withheld is paid immediately into consolidated revenue. The registration process for new businesses in particular is complex. The relatively low level of registrations in the small business sector (currently approximately 49.000) is of concern in the context of the relatively narrow tax base and the disproportionate burden that this places on ‘legitimate’ business, as discussed earlier.

What to do then?

Anywhere in the world, a well-functioning tax system is judged by its: - efficiency (in revenue collection);

- equity (both in the burden of taxation amongst the taxpayer base and in the fair administration of the taxation system);

- transparency (taxpayers are entitled to know what the burden of tax will be for a period); and - predictability

In contrary, the present tax system in Albania fails to meet some of these criteria’s. The system relies on a very narrow revenue base, primarily drawn from VAT tax payers. The system is geared more to meeting monthly and trimester revenue targets than to supporting the broadening of the tax base by encouraging business activities. The rates and methods of tax collections, particularly the pre-payment of profits tax imposed on the start-ups do not encourage new business entries and may, in reality, encourage the expansion of “informal” businesses. The current system also seriously lacks transparency and predictability. Large discretion and arbitration allowed at the operational levels further invite abuse and corruption.

It’s an important and big issue the VAT refunds. It should be reviewed as a matter of urgency, in view of the necessity of encouraging exporting activities, a goal that Albania gives priority in the upcoming decade. The Albanian tax administration should take immediate measures to ensure the availability of the funds to facilitate the VAT refunds. The tax structures, in the meantime, should establish an effective system for examining the refund claims and having them processed in a timely manner for all VAT taxpayers.

In Albania, the rate of prepayment is more frequent and the method for variation of installments of profits tax is also very cumbersome. In particular, as a general approach, it should not be necessary to go through an appeals process in order to vary the amount of tax installments. An acceptable basis for varying installments should be agreed in consultation between business and professional representatives and the GDT (for example, it is not clear why accounts prepared by suitably qualified persons should not be acceptable to the tax administration at first instance, given the existing penalties for the provision of misleading information).

In general, bank accounts should only be frozen after initial collection procedures (letter and formal demand) have been exhausted and the debt has been overdue for more than 30 days. The current system of enforcement, particularly the application of the power to freeze bank accounts, is not working towards its goals. The inconsistent and heavy handed application of enforcement powers, compounded by the delegation of the power to local directors can discourage companies from using the banking system, while providing an opportunity for abuse of power and corruption. At a minimum, the increased focus on taxpayer education by the tax structures should include publicizing the circumstances in which enforcement powers will be exercised according to the law and the form that this will take. In this context, the appeal and review provisions should also be publicized so that taxpayers are aware of their rights and to encourage officers of the tax administration to exercise their powers appropriately. There should be a streamlined administrative process for the review of enforcement proceedings since the usual 30 day period under the current appeals process is not appropriate for a taxpayer who may not be able to trade during the period (due to frozen accounts or seizure of goods).

The tax administration should speed up the establishment of regular consultative forums betw

acilitate the VAT refunds. The tax structures, in the meantime, should establish an effective system for examining the refund claims and having them processed in a timely manner for all VAT taxpayers.

In Albania, the rate of prepayment is more frequent and the method for variation of installments of profits tax is also very cumbersome. In particular, as a general approach, it should not be necessary to go through an appeals process in order to vary the amount of tax installments. An acceptable basis for varying installments should be agreed in consultation between business and professional representatives and the GDT (for example, it is not clear why accounts prepared by suitably qualified persons should not be acceptable to the tax administration at first instance, given the existing penalties for the provision of misleading information).

In general, bank accounts should only be frozen after initial collection procedures (letter and formal demand) have been exhausted and the debt has been overdue for more than 30 days. The current system of enforcement, particularly the application of the power to freeze bank accounts, is not working towards its goals. The inconsistent and heavy handed application of enforcement powers, compounded by the delegation of the power to local directors can discourage companies from using the banking system, while providing an opportunity for abuse of power and corruption. At a minimum, the increased focus on taxpayer education by the tax structures should include publicizing the circumstances in which enforcement powers will be exercised according to the law and the form that this will take. In this context, the appeal and review provisions should also be publicized so that taxpayers are aware of their rights and to encourage officers of the tax administration to exercise their powers appropriately. There should be a streamlined administrative process for the review of enforcement proceedings since the usual 30 day period under the current appeals process is not appropriate for a taxpayer who may not be able to trade during the period (due to frozen accounts or seizure of goods).

The tax administration should speed up the establishment of regular consultative forums between GDT, the Ministry of Finance and interest business groups. Such forums will play an important role in collecting inputs from all parties and building consensus for reforms. In the longer term, a comprehensive redraft of the tax codes by specialist legislative drafters in the MOF and the GDT may be warranted. But, the Government must ensure that sufficient policy consultation takes place before the drafting of legislation starts. With the understanding and support of all parties affected, the passage of the legislation will become more certain, and its implementation will be more likely.