erica in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and theFor learning to be effective, practitioners need to understand, current thinking on how learning occurs and the various ways in which adults learn. Learning can occur through observation and participation opposed to teaching through definition and theory, depending on the situation. How adults learn, is crucial to the whole learning and teaching process.

This assignment will explore the teaching and learning process through a micro teaching relevant to practice. This will be evaluated through personal reflection and linked supported by the relevant policies.

The teaching process can be defined in many ways. A learning approach/theory has been developed to cover each aspect, all of which are outlined below.

The behaviorist approach is more commonly known as classical and operant conditioning and is based on a stimulus-response. Pavlov first introduced classical conditioning. He observed the behavior of dogs and their salivation at the sight of food. Pavlov deemed this an unconditional response. He developed this further and sounded a bell with a meal and discovered the dog would salivate upon hearing the bell only. Pavlov called this a conditioned response.

E.g. Food (US) ------------------------------------------Salivation (UR) - UNCONDITIONED

TRIAL PAIRING OF FOOD WITH BELL

Food (US) + Bell ----------------------------------Salivation (UR)

Bell (CS) -------------------------------------------Salivation (CR) - CONDITIONED

However, Skinner (1968) introduced operant conditioning. Skinner experimented with rats. He designed boxes for the rats, which housed a mechanism that delivered food pellets each time the lever was pressed. In the rats' natural behavior, it makes accidental contact with the lever three or four times and food is delivered. After this the rat demonstrates an intentional behavior. This indicates learning has occurred.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the Humanistic approach in America in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and the

through personal reflection and linked supported by the relevant policies.

The teaching process can be defined in many ways. A learning approach/theory has been developed to cover each aspect, all of which are outlined below.

The behaviorist approach is more commonly known as classical and operant conditioning and is based on a stimulus-response. Pavlov first introduced classical conditioning. He observed the behavior of dogs and their salivation at the sight of food. Pavlov deemed this an unconditional response. He developed this further and sounded a bell with a meal and discovered the dog would salivate upon hearing the bell only. Pavlov called this a conditioned response.

E.g. Food (US) ------------------------------------------Salivation (UR) - UNCONDITIONED

TRIAL PAIRING OF FOOD WITH BELL

Food (US) + Bell ----------------------------------Salivation (UR)

Bell (CS) -------------------------------------------Salivation (CR) - CONDITIONED

However, Skinner (1968) introduced operant conditioning. Skinner experimented with rats. He designed boxes for the rats, which housed a mechanism that delivered food pellets each time the lever was pressed. In the rats' natural behavior, it makes accidental contact with the lever three or four times and food is delivered. After this the rat demonstrates an intentional behavior. This indicates learning has occurred.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the Humanistic approach in America in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and the

this an unconditional response. He developed this further and sounded a bell with a meal and discovered the dog would salivate upon hearing the bell only. Pavlov called this a conditioned response.

E.g. Food (US) ------------------------------------------Salivation (UR) - UNCONDITIONED

TRIAL PAIRING OF FOOD WITH BELL

Food (US) + Bell ----------------------------------Salivation (UR)

Bell (CS) -------------------------------------------Salivation (CR) - CONDITIONED

However, Skinner (1968) introduced operant conditioning. Skinner experimented with rats. He designed boxes for the rats, which housed a mechanism that delivered food pellets each time the lever was pressed. In the rats' natural behavior, it makes accidental contact with the lever three or four times and food is delivered. After this the rat demonstrates an intentional behavior. This indicates learning has occurred.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the Humanistic approach in America in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and the

p>However, Skinner (1968) introduced operant conditioning. Skinner experimented with rats. He designed boxes for the rats, which housed a mechanism that delivered food pellets each time the lever was pressed. In the rats' natural behavior, it makes accidental contact with the lever three or four times and food is delivered. After this the rat demonstrates an intentional behavior. This indicates learning has occurred.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed the Humanistic approach in America in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and the

erica in the 1960's in a reaction against the two other prominent psychology approaches. The emphasis is placed upon the individual and the stimuli, which motivates individuals to perform certain behaviors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs demonstrates this. Bruner developed the Cognitive approach, in the late 50's and early 60's. Bruner compared the mind to a computer, stating that we too are information processors. He studied the internal mental processes between the stimuli we receive and the responses we make. Cognition means to know and the cognitive processes refer to the ways in which knowledge is gained, used and retained. Cognitive psychology is the most dominant approach to psychology today.

Constructivist learning approach is a follow on to the cognitive approach. However the emphasis is placed upon the individuals self awareness and view on their own learning.

Bandura introduced the Social learning theory in 1977. The theory states that we don't merely learn through positive and negative reinforcement but through imitation. We copy another individual’s behavior due to identification - we identify with them and internalize - you become the person. Bandura demonstrates this by showing a group of children a doll being physically attacked. The children were later presented with a replication of the doll and were found to imitate what they had observed.

A domain of learning approach was developed by Bloom in 1972. He identified the three stages in which learning occurs as the:

Cognitive - knowledge gain

Psychomotor - skill development

Affective - attitude formation.

Research and evidence has proven that no single theory can cover all aspects of learning. Classical and operant conditioning stress the importance of immediate feedback in learning to maintain a positive attitude to learning. However, Cognitive and the domains of learning, enable clients to develop problem solving skills and the underpinning knowledge of theory and skills. Each theory has pros and cons, determining which theory relates to your personal situation, will assist in effective learning. To demonstrate this, I will analyze the learning theories and teaching process, in accordance with planning and delivering my own teaching.

Planning and delivering teachings, is a complex procedure incorporating many factors. If these are covered in a logical order, then an effective teaching with positive outcomes should occur.

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